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Kevin Winarko(2001554260) saberkevin.blog.binusian.org Tommy Phen (2001564040) tommyphen27.blog.binusian.org Piterson Satio(2001557230) piterson.blog.binusian.org Wendy Yanto (2001599076) wendy98.blog.binusian.org Edbert (2001565346) ed1001bert.blog.binusian.org   Robert W. Sebesta – Concept of Programming Languages (Tenth Edition) http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/galkadi/401/notes/chapter1.doc http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/classes/sp05/cse130/lecture_notes/types_student.txt What is Expressions in C++? http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/languages/C++/c++_tutorial/assignment.html https://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs3304/Spring02/lectures/lect08.pdf https://www.cs.upc.edu/~jordicf/Teaching/programming/pdf/IP05_Functions.pdf https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_exceptions_handling.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_object_oriented.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_data_abstraction.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_data_encapsulation.htm https://meetingcpp.com/tl_files/mcpp/2015/talks/Nicola%20Gigante%20-%20functionalcpp.handout%20-%20Meeting%20C++%202015.pdf w3schools.in/cplusplus/data-types/

What is logic programming? – Programming based on the notion of logical deduction in symbolic logic. – Implementation typically based on mechanisms for automatic theorem proving History and Goals of Logic Programming (cont) “A constructive proof that for every list L there is a corresponding sorted list S composed of the same elements as L […]

The design of the imperative languages is based directly on the von Neumann architecture. The design of the functional languages is based on mathematical functions Simple Functions A mathematical function is a mapping of members of one set, called the domain set, to another set, called the range set. Function definitions are often written as […]

An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C++ exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero. Exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. C++ exception […]

INTRODUCTION-WHY CONCURRENCY IS NECESSARY Processor speed has slowed and we can use transistors from Moore’s law for parallelism to increase speed. Concurrent programming is necessary to utilize parallel hardware. Sometimes it is natural to describe a problem with multi-threads just like divide a problem into several steps. CONCURRENCY INTRODUCED TO C++ Original C++ Standard was […]

The concept of object-oriented programming had its roots in SIMULA 67 but was not fully developed until the evolution of Smalltalk resulted in Smalltalk 80 (in 1980, of course). Indeed, some consider Smalltalk to be the base model for a purely object-oriented programming language. A language that is object oriented must provide support for three […]

Introduction to Data Abstraction Data abstraction refers to, providing only essential information to the outside world and hiding their background details, i.e., to represent the needed information in program without presenting the details. Data abstraction is a programming (and design) technique that relies on the separation of interface and implementation. Let’s take one real life […]

Programming languages, in particular C++, not only provide a set of basic operations and statements, but also a means to define our own operations and statements. We call the operations and statements that we define functions and procedures, respectively. Procedures and functions (subprograms) may have parameters. These represent the objects from our program that are […]

A control structure is a control statement and the collection of statements whose execution it controls. A program is usually not limited to a linear sequence of instructions. During its process, it may bifurcate, repeat code or take decisions. For that purpose, C++ provides control structures that serve to specify what has to be done […]

Expression Statements A combination of variables, constants and operators that represents a computation forms an expression. Depending upon the type of operands involved in an expression or the result obtained after evaluating expression, there are different categories of an expression. These categories of an expression are discussed here. Constant expressions: The expressions that comprise only […]